World Journal of Dentistry

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Volume 15, Number 12, December 2024
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Niraj S Gokhale, Shivayogi M Hugar, Krishna S Kadam, Neha Kohli, Vidyavathi H Patil, Bhuvanesh Bhusari

Evaluation of Effectiveness of Hindustani Classical Music and Tell-show-do Technique on the Anxiety of Children Receiving Oral Health Care: A Single-blinded Study

[Year:2024] [Month:December] [Volume:15] [Number:12] [Pages:7] [Pages No:1007 - 1013]

Keywords: Anxiety, Bhimpalas, Instrumental music, Music distraction, Todi

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2554  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate and compare the effect of Raag Todi, Raag Bhimpalas, and the tell-show-do (TSD) technique in anxiety reduction in children aged 4–12 years undergoing dental treatment. Materials and methods: About 60 children (4–12 years old) were selected and randomly allocated to three groups: Raag Todi, Raag Bhimpalas, and TSD. All children received oral prophylaxis or restoration as noninvasive treatment (NiT) in the first visit and pulp therapy, root canal treatment, or extraction as invasive treatment (IT) in the second visit. Dental anxiety was evaluated via physiological parameters, that is, pulse rate, and via a self-administered anxiety scale, that is, Venham's picture scale, at the baseline and at the end of each visit. The child's behavior was assessed via the Frankl's behavior rating scale at the baseline and at the end of each visit. Results: All three groups showed a noteworthy and statistically significant diminution in anxiety levels (p < 0.001) when intragroup comparison was made. On intergroup comparison, it was seen that the Venham's score after the treatment showed statistically significant reduction (p = 0.045). For NiTs, the pulse rate before the treatment showed statistically significant values (p = 0.017). For the ITs, pulse rate before and after showed a statistically significant reduction with p-values = 0.001 and 0.003, respectively. Also, there was a noticeable change in the behavior of the patient by virtue of the change in the behavior rating scores from negative to positive and definitely positive in all three groups. Conclusion: The results of this study make obvious the significant effects of Raag Todi, Raag Bhimpalas, and TSD in anxiety reduction in children aged 4–12 years. However, the TSD showed a better reduction in the anxiety scores when compared to the other two groups. Hence, all three groups can be used in anxiety reduction in children undergoing dental treatment. Clinical significance: Raag Todi, Raag Bhimpalas, and tell-show-do (TSD) can be used effectively to reduce anxiety in children undergoing dental treatment, which may be acceptable to the parents and could be easily implemented in a clinical setting.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Lavesh M Chopra, Umesh Palekar, Deepak Vikhe, Veena Saraf, Rupal Sarode, Vaibhav Awinashe, Minal Awinashe

Evaluation of Detail Reproduction Recorded by Intraoral Scanner and Model Scan for Three Types of Finish Lines: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial

[Year:2024] [Month:December] [Volume:15] [Number:12] [Pages:6] [Pages No:1014 - 1019]

Keywords: Conventional impression, Digital impression, Finish line, Gingival retraction, Intraoral scanner, Model scan

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2556  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate detail reproduction by an intraoral scanner (IOS) and model scan for three types of finish lines. Materials and methods: Thirty patients requiring tooth-borne single crowns and bridges were divided into three groups (A, B, and C) based on finish line location: supragingival (A), equigingival (B), and subgingival (C). Gingival retraction cord was used for groups B and C. Doctor-validated preparations and finish lines. Intraoral scans were conducted with a 3Shape scanner, rescanning postcord removal. Impressions were made with Aquasil material and poured with Pearlstone gypsum. Finish lines were verified and scanned for analysis. STL data were evaluated with 3D Paint software. Reproducibility was visually assessed. The Mann–Whitney U test was applied for statistical analysis (p < 0.05) at a 95% confidence interval. Results: A statistically significant difference was noted in detail reproduction by IOS and model scan for supragingival and equigingival finish lines (groups A and B) (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed for subgingival finish lines (group C) (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The IOS demonstrates superior reproducibility over conventional impressions for supragingival and equigingival finish lines. Gingival retraction cord techniques enhance reproducibility for both equigingival and subgingival finish lines. Notably, both techniques exhibit comparable performance in reproducing detailed subgingival finish lines. Clinical significance: Integrating IOSs into routine prosthodontic practice provides substantial clinical advantages, especially for impressions with supragingival and equigingival finish lines. However, the proper use of gingival retraction techniques is crucial for achieving optimal results.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Pavithra Suresh, Sanguida Adimoulame

Effects of Dairy Products on Plaque pH, Calcium, and Phosphorus Levels among Children: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

[Year:2024] [Month:December] [Volume:15] [Number:12] [Pages:6] [Pages No:1020 - 1025]

Keywords: Acidogenic challenge, Fermented beverages, Plaque pH, Probiotics

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2550  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the effects of consuming water, buttermilk, or curd on in vivo dental plaque pH, calcium, and phosphorus levels after a cariogenic challenge in children aged 6–12 years. Materials and methods: This parallel one-arm design randomized clinical study included 60 healthy, caries-active children aged 6–12 years with decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) >2. Participants were assigned to one of three groups (n = 20 per group) using block randomization: acidogenic challenge followed by water (group A), acidogenic challenge followed by buttermilk (group B), and acidogenic challenge followed by curd (group C). The dental plaque pH was recorded at baseline, 5, 10, 30, and 60 minutes after the acidogenic challenge alone and after the acidogenic challenge with test food administration. The calcium and phosphorus values were recorded at baseline and 60 minutes. Data were recorded and statistically analyzed with repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) for intragroup, one-way ANOVA, and paired t-test for intergroup pH estimation, and paired t-test for intragroup and ANOVA for intergroup comparison for calcium and phosphorus estimation (p > 0.05). Results: Water (p = 0.001), buttermilk (p = 0.001), and curd (p = 0.001) intake after cariogenic challenge significantly reduced plaque pH but not below pH 6. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean plaque pH among the groups at 10 minutes (p = 0.002) after water/buttermilk/curd consumption. In all the groups, a statistically significant increase in the mean plaque calcium and phosphorus levels was observed after test food consumption. Significantly higher plaque phosphorus levels (p = 0.001) after curd consumption were observed when compared to water consumption. Conclusion: Biscuit–buttermilk resulted in a higher final pH compared to biscuit-only consumption. Curd resulted in higher plaque calcium and phosphorus levels compared to buttermilk, followed by water. Clinical significance: Consuming fermented dairy products such as curd and buttermilk after carbohydrate-laden desserts/snacks has the additional benefits of a probiotic effect and increased calcium and phosphorus levels that promote remineralization and prevent demineralization.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Neeraj Prasad, Tony Chakkiath, Venkitachalam Ramanarayanan, Deepthy S Sivan

Evaluation of Retention and Fracture Resistance of Modified Overlay-retained Fixed Partial Denture and Conventional Full Coverage Crown Fixed Partial Denture

[Year:2024] [Month:December] [Volume:15] [Number:12] [Pages:6] [Pages No:1026 - 1031]

Keywords: Fracture resistance, Overlay, Resin-bonded fixed partial denture, Retention

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2543  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the retention and fracture resistance of modified overlay fixed partial dentures (FPD) as a viable alternative to the conventional design. Materials and methods: Three-unit FPD tooth preparation for three different retainer designs was done on typhodont teeth. Full coverage crown (FCC), overlay crown (OVL), and modified overlay crown (MOVL) retainer designs were the three groups, with seven samples each. Zirconia prostheses were milled and cemented with resin cement onto epoxy dies made from the prepared typhodont teeth. Retention and fracture resistance were tested using a universal testing machine. Values were recorded in newton units. Results: For the retention test, median values were 495 N (IQR = 433–523.5), 271 N (IQR = 247.5–289.5), and 465 N (IQR = 416–497) for the FCC, OVL, and MOVL groups, respectively. The difference among the groups was statistically significant (p = 0.008). For the fracture resistance test, median values were 1961 N (IQR = 1900–2215), 237 N (IQR = 230–325.5), and 1330 N (IQR = 1268–1650) for the FCC, OVL, and MOVL groups, respectively. The difference among the groups was statistically significant (p = 0.002). The difference between the MOVL and FCC groups was not statistically significant for retention (p = 0.495) and fracture resistance (p = 0.104). Conclusion: Within the study's limitations, the MOVL design showed similar tensile and compressive strength compared to the conventional design, deeming it a viable alternative to the conventional design. Clinical significance: This design epitomizes a conservative preparation for 3-unit FPDs in the posterior region, which otherwise involves excessive removal of sound tooth structure. The unprepared enamel can preserve adequate strength of an abutment to withstand axial and off-axial forces incident on it directly or via forces transferred from the pontic.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Divya Naik, Amisha Saoji, Sumanthini Margasahayam, Anuradha Patil, Antara Ghosh, Jimish Shah

Comparative Evaluation of Dentinal Microcracks Using Single-file Systems with and without a Prior Glide Path: An In Vitro Study

[Year:2024] [Month:December] [Volume:15] [Number:12] [Pages:6] [Pages No:1032 - 1037]

Keywords: Dentinal microcrack, Glide path, Root canal preparation, Single file system, TruNatomy, XP-endo Shaper

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2551  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the development of cracks in the dentin of root canals by using different types of file systems for glide path preparation and instrumentation. Materials and methods: About 40 extracted maxillary premolar teeth were selected and randomly divided into four experimental groups, consisting of 10 in each group. Group I: TruNatomy files (26/0.04) without glide path, group II: glide path using the ProGlider (PG) single file (16/0.02) followed by TruNatomy files (26/0.04), group III: XP-endo Shaper (XPES) (30/0.04) without glide path, group IV: glide path using the PG single file (16/0.02) followed by XPES (30/0.04). The sections were individually observed under a stereomicroscope at 40× magnification for any crack, and photographs were taken. The presence of dentinal cracks was evaluated using a scoring system. The incidences of root dentinal defects among various groups were compared using a Chi-squared test. Results: Group II had the highest number of cracks, and the least were present in group IV. All four groups observed the highest microcracks for group I in the coronal section, group II and group IV in the middle section, and group III in the apical section. There was no statistically significant difference seen between the four groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Root canal preparation with two different single-file systems can induce dentinal microcracks in root canal walls, with no significant difference in the cracks induced between the groups with and without glide path preparation. Clinical significance: Single-file systems have been observed to lead to a higher occurrence of microcracks compared to full sequence systems to assist clinicians in choosing a single-file system that minimizes the risk of crack formation.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Berin NB Dhanya, Nagarathna Chikkanarasaiah

pH Changes and Caries Activity during Pre- and Post-application of Nanosilver Fluoride in Early Childhood Caries Children: A Clinical Trial

[Year:2024] [Month:December] [Volume:15] [Number:12] [Pages:5] [Pages No:1038 - 1042]

Keywords: Caries prevention, Early childhood caries, Fluoride varnish, Nanosilver fluoride, Remineralization

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2555  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: To determine and compare the pH changes and cariogenic microorganism activity in the saliva of children with early childhood caries (ECC) at different time intervals. Materials and methods: Nonrandomized clinical trial consisting of 20 children with ECC in the age-group of 3–6 years were selected. The baseline dmft score was recorded. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected before, 1 hour, and 1 day after the application of nanosilver fluoride (NSF) and subjected to pH measurement and microbiological analysis. The salivary pH values were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni's post hoc test. Colony-forming unit (CFU) counts were compared using Friedman's test followed by Wilcoxon signed-rank post hoc test. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The mean salivary pH level was significantly highest in the posttreatment 1-hour period (7.615 ± 0.230), followed by posttreatment 1-day (7.332 ± 0.285) and least in pretreatment (6.546 ± 0.308). The mean CFU counts at posttreatment 1 hour (4.237 ± 1.121) and posttreatment 1 day (3.592 ± 1.687) were also significantly lower compared to pretreatment (5.044 ± 0.976), and the difference was statistically significant at p < 0.001. Conclusion: NSF has displayed antibacterial as well as remineralization potential, which is also noninvasive, nonstaining, economical, and emerging as an effective anticaries agent. Clinical significance: NSF is a boon to children as it has great potential in preventing and arresting dental caries, and it has overcome the drawbacks of other silver-containing materials.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Devashree Darak, Deebah Choudhary, Nimisha Shah, Parth Patel, Harshit Mavani, Vinaya Pisal

Comparative Evaluation of Success Rate in Single-visit and Multiple-visit Endodontic Treatment Using Different Intracanal Medicaments: A Randomized Clinical Trial

[Year:2024] [Month:December] [Volume:15] [Number:12] [Pages:7] [Pages No:1043 - 1049]

Keywords: Calcium hydroxide, Periapical periodontitis, Randomized controlled trial

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2552  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate and compare the success rates of single-visit and multiple-visit endodontic treatments in cases of apical periodontitis (AP) with periapical pathology. Materials and methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 51 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected. Patients were randomly divided into three groups: single-visit group (group I), multi-visit group with calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament (group II), and multi-visit group with double antibiotic paste (DAP) as an intracanal medicament (group III). Comparison was done radiographically using the periapical index (PAI). The primary outcome measure was the change in periapical radiolucency after 9 months, assessed by PAI scores. Additionally, postoperative pain was evaluated after single- and multiple-visit root canal treatment using either of the medicaments after 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 1 week. Data were analyzed using the Welch test and compared using the post hoc Tukey test (p < 0.05). The secondary outcome measures were assessed with the Chi-squared test. Results: No statistically significant difference in periapical healing was found between the three groups. Also, no statistically significant difference in postoperative pain was found between the three groups. Conclusion: Within the limitations, the results show that at the 9-month follow-up period, there was no difference in periapical healing and postoperative pain between single- and multi-visit treatments, either with DAP or calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament, for teeth with AP, considering that no treatment protocol is better than the other. Clinical significance: The success of endodontic therapy depends on the clinical judgment of the dentist to either perform single-visit or multi-visit endodontics. CTRI registration: CTRI/2022/07/043773.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Arthy Veerappan, John Baliah, Agieshkumar B Pillai, Jagat Reddy, Krishnaraj Thirugnanasambantham

Estimation and Comparison of Salivary microRNA-21 Levels in Periodontitis among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Nondiabetic Patients: A Comparative Study

[Year:2024] [Month:December] [Volume:15] [Number:12] [Pages:5] [Pages No:1050 - 1054]

Keywords: micro ribonucleic acid, micro ribonucleic acid-21, Periodontitis, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Salivary biomarker, Type 2 diabetes mellitus

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2545  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim and background: This study aimed to estimate and compare the salivary micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA)-21 levels in periodontitis among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nondiabetic patients. Materials and methods: The 40 study participants reporting to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology were divided into two groups. Group I comprised T2DM with periodontitis, and group II comprised nondiabetic patients with periodontitis. The unstimulated whole salivary samples were collected from the study participants using the spitting method and stored at –80°C. The relative expression of miRNA-21 was quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: An independent “t” test was used to compare the miRNA-21 levels between the two groups. Among the periodontitis patients, a statistically significant (p = 0.002) increase in miRNA-21 expression was observed in T2DM compared to nondiabetic patients. Salivary miRNA-21 expression was 2.0-fold higher in T2DM with periodontitis. In addition, Spearman's correlation revealed a positive correlation of miRNA-21 with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The receiver operating curve (ROC) curve analysis revealed salivary miRNA-21 was the best predictor with an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.792 (p = 0.002) with a sensitivity and specificity of 80 and 75%, respectively. Conclusion: In periodontitis, salivary miRNA-21 is upregulated in T2DM compared to nondiabetic patients. Clinical relevance: Salivary miRNA-21 has not been studied for T2DM with periodontitis. Salivary miRNA-21 could be a diagnostic marker for T2DM. In addition, noninvasive salivary miRNA-21 could be an alternative to HbA1c, as there is a positive correlation of miRNA-21 with HbA1c.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Prem S Chauhan, Krishna P Vellore, Mayuri Ganesh, Saigeeta Kondamadugu, Niharika Sowki, Ayesha Hafijullah

Enhancing Dental Visits for 6–12-year-old Children: Distraction Techniques for Anxiety and Pain Management

[Year:2024] [Month:December] [Volume:15] [Number:12] [Pages:6] [Pages No:1055 - 1060]

Keywords: Anxiety, Distraction techniques, Pain management, Vibratory stimulation, Virtual reality

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2553  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: The present research compared the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) distraction with vibratory stimulation as nonpharmacological methods to reduce pain and anxiety during dental procedures with local anesthesia in children aged 6–12 years. Materials and methods: A total of 123 children were randomly assigned to three groups: group A (control), group B (VR distraction), and group C (vibratory stimulation). Pain was assessed using the Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale, anxiety using Venham's Clinical Anxiety Rating Scale, and physiological parameters, including pulse rate, were recorded at key intervals. Statistical analyses included Chi-squared tests, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and analysis of variance (ANOVA), as appropriate. Results: Both VR distraction and vibratory stimulation significantly reduced pain scores compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Similarly, anxiety levels were significantly lower in the VR distraction and vibratory stimulation groups compared to the control (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in pain perception between the VR distraction and vibratory stimulation groups. Conclusion: VR distraction and vibratory stimulation using a modified electric toothbrush are effective nonpharmacological methods for managing pain and anxiety during pediatric dental procedures. These techniques offer safe, noninvasive options that can enhance the dental experience for children, potentially improving patient cooperation and attendance. Clinical significance: Pediatric dentists can improve children's dental experiences by utilizing VR and vibration as nonpharmacological pain management methods, reducing fear, enhancing treatment outcomes, and boosting patient attendance. These techniques are safe, noninvasive, and easy to implement, making them effective tools in pediatric dental practice.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Amita Sharma, Meenu Dhiman, Tanvi Bihani, Megha Jain, Monika Malik

Retrospective Analysis of Fallouts of Patients Undergoing Multi-visit Endodontic Therapy at a Tertiary Healthcare Center in District Nuh, India

[Year:2024] [Month:December] [Volume:15] [Number:12] [Pages:5] [Pages No:1061 - 1065]

Keywords: Demand, Endodontic recall, Patient compliance, Root canal therapy

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2546  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim and objective: To analyze various factors related to fallouts of patients undergoing multi-visit root canal therapy (RCT) and the pattern of demand for endodontic treatment in the adult population attending a tertiary health care facility. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of the hospital records of patients who attended the Department of Dentistry from July to March 2020 for multi-visit RCT was done. Records of 362 patients were studied at four different stages of multi-visit RCT. The clinical and demographic data were collected. Data regarding age, gender, tooth type, and jaw type were also collected and analyzed using SPSS software. Results: There were 362 patients, comprising 226 (62.43%) females and 136 (37.57%) males. A total of 401 teeth were treated. The highest incidence of endodontic disease (35.64%) was seen in the 20–29 years age-group. The maximum number of patients discontinued further treatment following the biomechanical preparation stage. First molars were the most frequently treated tooth type, whereas mandibular lateral incisors were the least commonly treated. Conclusion: More females compared to the male population and a younger age-group demanded RCT. Finally, only 25% of patients completed the treatment. Clinical significance: The research findings indicate a need to promote awareness among people regarding treatment compliance. Also, the findings of the study provide a deeper insight into understanding the needs of people in the area, along with the existing barriers to maintaining regular follow-ups. This holds significant value in designing future preventive strategies and treatment plans in the present setup.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Praveen K Bankur, Ghousia Fatima, Abdul Samee, Fatru Rahman, Syed M Quadri, Mohammed Waseef A Ansari

Effects of Curcumin and Tetracycline Fibers as Local Drug Delivery Agents in Treating Chronic Periodontitis: A Microbiological Study

[Year:2024] [Month:December] [Volume:15] [Number:12] [Pages:5] [Pages No:1066 - 1070]

Keywords: Chronic periodontitis, Curcumin, Local drug delivery, Tetracycline fibers

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2495  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of curcumin and tetracycline fibers as local drug delivery (LDD) agents in treating chronic periodontitis. Materials and methods: A total of 20 chronic periodontitis patients aged between 45 and 60 years were recruited for this study. Two sites were selected in each patient and randomly allocated to the tetracycline fiber group and curcumin group. At baseline, subgingival plaque samples were collected from both groups. After full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP), 8.33 mg of tetracycline fibers and 2.5 gm of curcumin were placed subgingivally at each site. At 1 month and 3 months, subgingival plaque samples were collected again for microbiological analysis of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and Tannerella forsythia (Tf). All data were collected and statistically analyzed. Results: When comparing the baseline to the third month, both the tetracycline and curcumin groups demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in periodontal pathogens [Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and Tannerella forsythia (Tf)] in the form of colony-forming units (CFUs); however, an intergroup comparison revealed no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The present study concluded that curcumin significantly reduces the causative organisms of chronic periodontitis and can be used as an adjunct to tetracycline fibers. Clinical significance: Antibacterial drugs can eradicate pathogenic organisms that are not mechanically accessible. The goal of developing various local antimicrobial medication delivery agents is to maintain the target site's levels of crevicular fluid at an appropriate level while limiting systemic absorption. Tetracycline inhibits collagenase activity, collagen breakdown, as well as bone resorption. Hence, alternatives such as curcumin can be used as LDD agents.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Divya Mukundan, Deepa Gurunathan, Lakshmi Thangavelu

Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Aloe vera on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An In Vitro Study

[Year:2024] [Month:December] [Volume:15] [Number:12] [Pages:5] [Pages No:1071 - 1075]

Keywords: Agar diffusion, Aloe vera, Alternative therapy, Antibacterial efficacy, Wound healing

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2456  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: The study aims to determine the optimal concentration of Aloe vera that demonstrates the highest antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: Aloe vera gel at concentrations of 20, 40, and 80% were tested for antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli using the agar diffusion method, with Ciprofloxacin as a control. Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) was prepared, sterilized, poured into Petri plates, and swabbed with the bacteria. Wells were created in the agar, and zones of inhibition were measured. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Software version 23.0 with a post hoc test. Results: Aloe vera gel at 20% inhibited only Escherichia coli, while 40 and 80% concentrations showed broad antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Ciprofloxacin was effective against all tested bacteria. Around 40 and 80% of Aloe vera gel were significantly more effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus compared to 20% (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Aloe vera gel exhibited antibacterial properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, at higher concentrations of 40 and 80%. Aloe vera exhibited distinct antibacterial properties when compared to Ciprofloxacin, indicating its potential as an alternative therapy and in facilitating wound healing. Clinical significance: Aloe vera gel, rich in vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and amino acids, exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. Clinically, this study suggests Aloe vera gel could serve as a natural alternative or adjunct to antibiotics, potentially improving patient outcomes by reducing reliance on traditional antibiotics and lowering the risk of adverse effects and antibiotic resistance.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Kerena Joseline, Boopathi Thangavel, Manimaran Sekar, Sebeena Mathew, Karthick Kumaravadivel, Deepa N Thangaraj

Effect of Loading and Restoration on the Biomechanical Behavior of Premolars with Simulated Abfraction Lesions

[Year:2024] [Month:December] [Volume:15] [Number:12] [Pages:7] [Pages No:1076 - 1082]

Keywords: Abfraction lesions, Conventional glass ionomer, Finite element analysis, Fracture resistance, Nanohybrid composite

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2542  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the stress distribution and fracture resistance of the mandibular first premolar with simulated abfraction lesions according to two factors: restorative material and occlusal loading. Materials and methods: A three-dimensional finite element model of the mandibular first premolar was generated for analysis using software called ANSYS. Each model was categorized into four groups: sound tooth, unrestored abfraction lesion, restored abfraction lesion with conventional glass ionomer cement (Ketac molar GIC), and nanohybrid composite (Neo Spectra ST). Virtual abfraction wedge-shaped defects were prepared on the buccal cervical region and restored. The models were subjected to an axial and oblique load of 200 N, and the von Mises stresses (MPa) were calculated. In addition, fracture resistance was tested in 40 extracted mandibular first premolar teeth divided into two groups: conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) and nanohybrid composite using a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was done using the computerized tomography analysis (CTAn) program and ANSYS Workbench for finite element analysis (FEA). An independent Student t-test was used to compare the mean fracture resistance between the two groups. Results: The results revealed that both conventional GIC and nanohybrid composite showed superior mechanical properties. In terms of fracture resistance, conventional GIC performed better than nanohybrid composite. The restored abfraction lesions were able to withstand loads better compared to an unrestored abfraction lesion tooth, and the oblique loads caused much higher stresses than axial loads. Conclusion: Both conventional GIC and nanohybrid composite withstood stress in different ways and could serve as suitable restorative materials for abfraction lesions from different perspectives. Clinical significance: The results indicate that both conventional GIC and the novel nanohybrid composite can be used to restore abfraction lesions.

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REVIEW ARTICLE

Karthickraj Sudalaimuthu Mohan, Jaiganesh Ramamurthy

Comparison of Efficacy of Lasers with Mechanical and Chemical Decontamination of Titanium Surfaces/Disks: A Systematic Review

[Year:2024] [Month:December] [Volume:15] [Number:12] [Pages:9] [Pages No:1083 - 1091]

Keywords: Colony-forming units, Decontamination, Lasers, Photodynamic therapy, Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Titanium surfaces/disks

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2489  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: To compare the efficacy of laser, laser plus photodynamic therapy, and mechanical or chemical methods in the decontamination of titanium surfaces or disks regarding colony-forming units (CFUs) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Materials and methods: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. An extensive search was conducted using the PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. In vitro studies reporting the efficacy of lasers in decontaminating titanium surfaces or disks from January 2000 to December 2023 were included. Data on author, year of publication, country, sample size, details on intervention, comparison, measured outcomes, results, and conclusion of the included studies were collected. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for In Vitro Studies (QUIN Tool). Results: A total of eight in vitro studies with full text were included. The methodology of most included studies presented a moderate risk of bias. Approximately, two studies used a diode laser in continuous mode, and one study used it in pulsed mode for decontamination, while five studies used Er:YAG or Er:Cr:YSGG lasers. A total of 361 titanium surfaces or disks showed that a diode laser of 810 nm wavelength in pulsed and continuous wave mode, an Er:YAG laser of 100 mJ/pulse, and an Er:Cr:YSGG laser of 1.5 W, 30 Hz, with repeated exposures, along with its combination with photodynamic therapy (PDT), achieved a 99% to 100% reduction in CFUs of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species. Additionally, these methods demonstrated a significant reduction in rRNA and genome counts in RT-qPCR analysis. Conclusion: Diode lasers, Er:YAG, and Er:Cr:YSGG lasers of different wavelengths and energy levels, and their combination with photodynamic therapy, can be a promising alternative for reducing colony-forming unit, rRNA, and genome counts. Clinical significance: The decontamination process of lasers is similar to chemical decontamination and superior to mechanical decontamination on titanium surfaces, with increased host cell attachment, wettability, and osteoconduction. Moreover, as they do not affect biocompatibility, they make a perfect nonsurgical alternative for the treatment of peri-implantitis. However, clinical human trials following standard protocols are needed to assess their effectiveness on CFUs and RT-qPCR in preventing and treating peri-implantitis.

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REVIEW ARTICLE

Manasi Surwade, Anuradha Patil, Sumanthini Margasahayam, Divya Naik

Effect of Continuous Rotary and Reciprocating Instrumentation Motions in Single-file System on Postoperative Pain Incidence in Single-visit Nonsurgical Endodontic Treatments: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

[Year:2024] [Month:December] [Volume:15] [Number:12] [Pages:12] [Pages No:1092 - 1103]

Keywords: Continuous rotary instrumentation motion, Nonsurgical endodontic treatment, Postoperative pain

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2544  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aim: The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate postoperative pain in the single-file system with continuous rotary and reciprocating instrumentation motion. Background: Various rotary single-file systems have been used; however, there are no evidence-based recommendations on the effectiveness of instrumentation motions and their correlation to postoperative pain in single-file systems with different instrumentation motions. Data sources: PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and Cochrane from January 2012 to January 2023. Study eligibility criteria, participants, and interventions: Population (P): Deciduous or permanent teeth; Interventions (I): A single-file system with continuous rotatory motions; Comparison (C): A single-file system with reciprocating motion; Outcomes (O): Postoperative pain; Study design (S): Randomized clinical studies. Study appraisal and synthesis methods: The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool 2.0 was used to ascertain validity across five domains. Risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous variables and weighted mean difference for continuous variables were used as summary measures. Review results: Out of 10 clinical studies, 7 studies qualified for meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis state the mean difference has standard mean deviation with heterogeneity: τ2 = 0.52; χ2 = 88.56, df = 7 (p < 0.00001); I2 = 92%. Test for overall effect: Z = 0.26 (p = 0.79) with a 95% confidence interval. It can be concluded that no additional benefit of the test intervention was obtained over the control intervention. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that pain in the continuous rotary group was slightly higher than in the reciprocating group but was not significant enough. In addition, more intense pain was observed during the initial 7–12 hours, and a statistical difference between the severity of pain after 48 and 72 hours was noted. The intensity decreased as time progressed. Clinical significance: (1) When pain scores were taken into account without regard to follow-up, pain in the continuous rotary group was higher than in the reciprocating group; (2) This meta-analysis found a statistical difference between the severity of pain after 48 and 72 hours; (3) There was no significant difference between the rotary and reciprocating motion groups with regard to the parameters, including tooth type, mean age, gender, and degree of preoperative discomfort, which did not significantly vary as a factor in postoperative pain.

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